and expansion is directed towards China, which has a vast territory. In 1840, Britain launched the Opium War and the new government was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing, which reduced China to a semi colonial and semi feudal society. In 1856, Britain and France jointly launched the Second Opium War, further exacerbating China\u0027s social crisis）
（Amidst internal and external troubles, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement led by Hong Xiuquan broke out, which was a large-scale peasant war that swept through most of China and dealt a heavy blow to the rulers of the Qing Dynasty and foreign invading forces）
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